Mycelium storage medium for use in storing hydrogen

ABSTRACT

A pressure vessel for storing hydrogen is described. The pressure vessel includes at least one chamber to store hydrogen atoms. The pressure vessel also includes a mycelium structure within the at least one chamber. The mycelium structure has a surface area of at least 800 m2/m3. At least some of the hydrogen atoms are attached to the mycelium structure at a pressure greater than ambient pressure. Methods of storing hydrogen and methods of constructing a hydrogen storage tank are also described.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to methods and apparatuses forusing mycelium structures to store hydrogen.

BACKGROUND

Hydrogen is useful as an energy source; however, hydrogen storage isdifficult and expensive. The amount of hydrogen that can be put in astorage tank is proportional to the amount of surface area of the mediainside the tank. Without the use of additional storage materials insidethe hydrogen storage apparatus, very little hydrogen can be storedwithout being highly pressurized or using a very large tank. Hydrogenatoms repel each other and tend to stick (such as a through frictionattachment) to surfaces, such as walls of a tank. Thus, in an emptytank, hydrogen will stick to the walls and the interior of the tank willbe mostly empty. As such, a gallon of gasoline contains more hydrogenthan a gallon of liquid hydrogen because the gasoline hydrocarbons bondwith the hydrogen atoms. Highly pressurized tanks are more dangerous andvery large tanks are costly and are impractical to be used to transporthydrogen. Current materials used in hydrogen storage tanks includecarbon nanotubes and charred chicken feathers. Such materials are notideal. Carbon nanotubes are expensive. Charred chicken feathers settleover time in the storage apparatus and require extensive filtration forremoval from the hydrogen fuel supply.

What are needed are methods and apparatuses for safely storing andtransporting hydrogen using a low cost, easy to use, and readilyavailable substance.

SUMMARY

In one example, a pressure vessel for storing hydrogen is described. Thepressure vessel comprises at least one chamber to store hydrogen atoms.The pressure vessel further comprises a mycelium structure within the atleast one chamber. The mycelium structure has a surface area of at least800 m²/m³. At least some of the hydrogen atoms are attached to themycelium structure at a pressure greater than ambient pressure.

In another example, a method of storing hydrogen is described. Themethod comprises positioning a mycelium structure into a pressure vesselcomprising at least one chamber. The method further comprises fillingthe pressure vessel with a plurality of hydrogen atoms. At least one ofthe plurality of hydrogen atoms form an attachment with in the myceliumstructure.

In another example, a method of constructing a hydrogen storage tank isdescribed. The method comprises integrating a mycelium structure into apressure vessel comprising at least one chamber. The method furthercomprises sealing the pressure vessel. The method also comprises fillingthe pressure vessel with a plurality of hydrogen atoms. At least one ofthe plurality of hydrogen atoms form an attachment with the myceliumstructure.

The features, functions, and advantages can be achieved independently invarious embodiments of the present disclosure or may be combined in yetother embodiments in which further details can be seen with reference tothe following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The novel features believed characteristic of the illustrativeembodiments are set forth in the appended claims. The illustrativeembodiments, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, furtherobjectives and descriptions thereof, will best be understood byreference to the following detailed description of an illustrativeembodiment of the present disclosure when read in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a graph of mass of mycelium as a function oftemperature, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 2 illustrates example industrial mycelium sheets, according to anexample embodiment.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example mycelium structure, according to anexample embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example pressure vessel for hydrogen storage witha single inlet/outlet, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example pressure vessel for hydrogen storage witha separate inlet and outlet, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example pressure vessel for hydrogen storage withtwo chambers, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 7 illustrates the pressure vessel prior to positioning the myceliumstructure in the pressure vessel, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an example method for storing hydrogen,according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an example method of constructing a hydrogenstorage tank, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of an example method for use with the methodshown in FIG. 9, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 11 shows an example testing apparatus for comparing adsorptionrates of tank media/mycelium according to an example embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Disclosed embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all ofthe disclosed embodiments are shown. Indeed, several differentembodiments may be described and should not be construed as limited tothe embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments aredescribed so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and willfully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

This disclosure seeks to provide a solution to problems that occur whenstoring hydrogen for use as a fuel source by using mycelium as thestorage medium. Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus that has avery large surface area. Mycelium is composed of microscopic tubularfilaments formed from chitin (a long chain polymer which is acharacteristic component of the cell walls of fungi). Chitin is made upof carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules (molecular formulaC₈H₁₅NO₆). Mycelium (in nature) has a fiber density of about 1 kilometerof mycelium fibers or filaments per cubic centimeter of mycelium media,which results in a large surface area and number of attachment sites forhydrogen. Higher densities may be possible in industrial mycelium.Chitin is stable up to about 600 degrees Fahrenheit, thus the myceliumstructure has a long shelf life and can be used under harsh conditions.FIG. 1 illustrates a graph 100 showing pyrolysis of chitin at varioustemperatures (showing the mass as a percentage of the original mass as afunction of temperature). Pyrolization testing starts with at point 102(about 375 degrees Fahrenheit) after removal of water. At point 104 atabout 525 degrees Fahrenheit, the material remains stable. Thetemperatures between 102 and point 104 may be useful for manufacturing,as such temperatures are easy to reach and the material remains stablebetween those temperatures. At point 106 at about 630 degreesFahrenheit, carbon chains in the chitin begin cracking, which may resultin removal of some of the carbon and in providing additional surfacearea for hydrogen atoms to attach or adhere. At point 108 at about 670degrees Fahrenheit, less than 50 percent of the material remains and thematerial becomes too fragile to be useful. In addition to being heatstable, the mycelium structure may adhere to the wall of a storage tank,thus the mycelium structure does not settle in the storage tank and doesnot require excessive filtration from the hydrogen. Mycelium sheets areavailable for industrial use. Examples of industrial mycelium sheets 200are shown in FIG. 2. These mycelium sheets 200 may be compressed and/ortrimmed to fit into a desired container. In some embodiments, aplurality of mycelium sheets may be used in a single container.

Within examples, a hydrogen storage apparatus is described. Theapparatus is a pressure vessel which is useful for safely storinghydrogen using a mycelium structure. In some embodiments, the pressurevessel comprising a mycelium structure has the potential to store up toeighty times more hydrogen than the same sized pressure vessel withoutthe mycelium structure. In addition, methods of storing hydrogen andmethods of constructing a hydrogen storage tank are described.

Referring now to FIG. 3, an example mycelium structure 300 isillustrated. As discussed above, mycelium has a fiber density of about 1kilometer of mycelium fibers or filaments per cubic centimeter ofmycelium media. The mycelium structure includes tubular filaments 302,which form respiration pathways 304. Respiration pathways 304 allowhydrogen atoms to travel within the mycelium structure 300. The sizes ofthe tubular filaments 302 and the respiration pathways 304 may bedependent on a variety of factors, such as the strain of mycelium, theage of the mycelium structure, the environment in which the myceliumstructure was grown (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), and thenutrient source used to grown the mycelium structure. In someembodiments, the respiration pathways 304 may have a diameter of betweenabout 7 microns and about 20 microns. Hydrogen atoms prefer the smallerdiameter pathways (around 7 microns) because the hydrogen atoms are ableto be closer to the pathways for easier attachment. However, the largerdiameter pathways (about 20 microns) provide for more surface area andthus more attachment sites. Respiration pathways above about 20 micronsdo not provide a dense enough mycelium structure for use in hydrogenstorage. The mycelium structure does not have a measurable porosity/voidfraction because the mycelium structure is a series of pathways arrangedin random order. Mycelium structures used for hydrogen storage are dead(i.e., no longer growing), but because they were once alive, theirrespiration pathways are in a random and intertwined order, unlike thoseof carbon nanotubes. The mycelium structures also have a differentpattern than charred chicken feathers, as the mycelium structures andchicken feathers are initially grown for different purposes.Furthermore, they mycelium structure is compressed into a nearly solidmaterial with small respiration pathways, as discussed above.

FIG. 4 illustrates a pressure vessel 400 for storing hydrogen. Thepressure vessel 400 comprises at least one chamber 404 configured tostore hydrogen atoms. The pressure vessel 400 can be any conventionalpressure vessel known in the art, such as a cylindrical pressure vessel.The pressure vessel can also be of a customizable shape in order to fiton a vehicle for transportation. In some embodiments, the pressurevessel 400 is of a size that can be fit on a vehicle for transportation,such as a truck, train, aircraft, ship, or other automobile. In suchembodiments, the ability to store hydrogen at lower pressures thanconventional high pressure vessels is important because suchcustomizable pressure vessels may not be an ideal pressure vessel. Inother embodiments, the pressure vessel 400 is larger in order to allowfor additional storage, such as for storage of hydrogen for use in apower plant. The material from which the pressure vessel is made mayalso be application specific. For example, graphite composite materialor Kevlar wound or fiber glass may be used for light-weight pressurevessels. For more robust pressure vessels, metals such as aluminum andsteel may be used.

The pressure vessel may be configured to store the hydrogen atoms atrelatively low pressures compared to current high pressure vessels. Thehydrogen atoms may be stored at a pressure of less than about 300 psi.In some embodiments, the hydrogen atoms may be stored at a pressure ofless than about 200 psi. In other embodiments, the hydrogen atoms may bestored at a pressure of less than about 100 psi. In other embodiments,the hydrogen atoms may be stored at a pressure of between about 200 psiand about 300 psi or between about 100 psi and about 200 psi or betweenabout 100 psi and about 300 psi. In other embodiments, the hydrogenatoms may be stored at high pressures, for example, at a pressure ofgreater than about 5000 psi. However, vessels capable of storinghydrogen at high pressures are more expensive to make than low pressurevessels. In addition, it takes more energy to increase the pressure andcompress the gas. By using the term “about” it is meant that the recitedcharacteristic, parameter, or value need not be achieved exactly, butthat deviations or variations, including for example, tolerances,measurement error, measurement accuracy limitations and other factorsknown to skill in the art, may occur in amounts that do not preclude theeffect the characteristic was intended to provide.

The at least one chamber 404 within the pressure vessel 400 includes themycelium structure 300. The pressure vessel 400 may also comprise atleast one inlet/outlet 408, a chamber wall 410, a bottom portion 412,and a top portion 414. In some embodiments, at least a portion of thepressure vessel may be metalized, such that hydrogen is unable to pass.For example, the chamber wall 410 may be metalized, for example, thechamber walls 410 may be coated with a steel/metallic or aluminumcoating. In some embodiments, the pressure vessel 400 may furthercomprise a safety or relief valve (not shown) to ensure that thispressure is not exceeded in operation.

The at least one inlet/outlet 408 may be used for filling the pressurevessel with hydrogen and/or removing hydrogen from the pressure vessel.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the inlet and the outlet may bethe same element. In other embodiments, the inlet and outlet may beseparate elements (see FIG. 5). The at least one inlet/outlet mayinclude an inhibitor 416 for confining the mycelium structure within thepressure vessel and allowing for passage of the hydrogen atoms.

They mycelium structure 300 in the chamber 404 has a surface area of atleast about 8000 m²/m³. In some embodiments, the mycelium structure 300may have a surface are of at least about 20,000 m²/m³. In otherembodiments, the mycelium structure 300 may have a surface area of atleast about 50,000 m²/m³. In other embodiments, the mycelium structure300 may have a surface are of between about 8000 m²/m³ and about 50,000m²/m³ or between about 25,000 m²/m³ and about 75,000 m²/m³. In anexample embodiment, use of the mycelium structure 300 has about 80 timesmore surface area than the same tank without the mycelium structure. Forexample, a tank with 6 1-centimeter walls has a surface area of 6cm²/cm³. The same tank with a mycelium structure has a surface area ofabout 478 cm²/cm³ (about 47,800 m²/m³).

Gas adsorption refers to the adhesion or attachment of gas molecules tosolid surfaces. Hydrogen atoms repel generally each other and tend toadhere or attach to surfaces, such as walls of a tank. Thus, the largesurface area of the mycelium structure 300 provides an increased numberof attachment points for the hydrogen atoms as compared to an empty tankand thus, increased hydrogen adsorption. At least some of the hydrogenatoms are attached to the mycelium structure 300 at a pressure greaterthan ambient pressure. In addition, the mycelium structure 300 includescarbon atoms. At least some of the carbon atoms may bond with at leastsome of the hydrogen atoms. The carbon-hydrogen bond is a covalent bond,meaning that a single carbon atom shares its outer electrons with up tofour hydrogen atoms. By providing carbon attachment and carbon bondingsites, the hydrogen atoms are brought closer together, thus allowing formore hydrogen to be stored within the same volume. Without the carbonattachment and carbon bonding sites, the hydrogen atoms tend to repeleach other, resulting in fewer hydrogen atoms able to be stored withinthe pressure vessel.

FIG. 5 illustrates a pressure vessel 500 for storing hydrogen comprisingan inlet 508 for filling the chamber 404 with hydrogen and an outlet 518for removing hydrogen from the chamber 404 for use. Hydrogen is injectedinto the chamber 404 through inlet 508. As the hydrogen is injected, ittravels through the respiratory pathways in the mycelium structure 300and attaches to the mycelium structure 300. Hydrogen is removed from thechamber 404 by opening the outlet 518 to relieve the pressure in thepressure vessel 500. Because the hydrogen is stored at a relatively lowpressure compared to conventional hydrogen storage tanks, the hydrogenslowly exits the tank when the outlet 518 is opened. In alternativeembodiments, a pressure vessel may comprise a plurality of inlets 508and a plurality of outlets 518.

FIG. 6 illustrates a pressure vessel 600 comprising a plurality ofchambers 404. Each of the plurality of chambers 404 may include amycelium structure, such as mycelium structure 300. Each of theplurality of chambers 404 includes at least one inlet/outlet 408.

FIG. 7 illustrates the pressure vessel 400 prior to integrating themycelium structure 300 into the pressure vessel. The mycelium structure300 may be compressed such that it can easily fit into the chamber 404.Once the mycelium structure 300 is inserted into the chamber 404, it mayexpand to fill the chamber 404. The mycelium structure 300 may notexpand at all or may not expand back to its original size and thus maybe compressed within the pressure vessel 400. In some embodiments, thecompression ratio is 10 to 1, which increases the density of themycelium structure by a factor of 10. Compressing the mycelium structurereduces the number of voids in the mycelium structure. Compression mayalso decrease the size of the respiration pathways slightly, but theprimary result of compression is removal of voids. The myceliumstructure 300 may have a compression ratio of 10 to 1. In someembodiments, the mycelium structure 300 may be compressed such that itcan fit through an orifice smaller than a width of the chamber 404.Compression of the mycelium structure allows for more mycelium fibers orfilaments in the pressure vessel and thus a greater surface area toallow for an increased number of hydrogen attachment locations (ascompared to a non-compressed mycelium structure). In some embodiments,the mycelium structure 300 comprises a plurality of mycelium sheets inorder to fill the pressure vessel. After the mycelium structure ispositioned into the chamber 404, the pressure vessel 400 may be sealedby placing the top portion 414 on the chamber walls 410 and sealing withTeflon O rings between bolted flanges or threading the top portion 414onto the chamber walls 410.

FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an example method 700 for storing hydrogen.At block 702, the method 700 includes positioning the mycelium structure300 into a pressure vessel, such as pressure vessel 400 comprising atleast one chamber 404. The mycelium structure 300 may be positioned intothe pressure vessel 400 manually or by a machine. The method 700 mayalso be used with other embodiments, such as with pressure vessels 500and 600. At block 704, the method includes filling the pressure vessel400 with a plurality of hydrogen atoms. The pressure vessel 400 may befilled manually or by a machine by any method known in the art, forexample, by connecting a hydrogen reservoir to the pressure vessel andpumping hydrogen into the pressure vessel. The method may also compriseincorporating the pressure vessel 400 into a vehicle for transportation,such as a truck or a train. The hydrogen storage apparatus can beincorporated into any setting (not just transportation related). Itshould be understood that for this and other processes and methodsdisclosed herein, flowcharts show functionality and operation of onepossible implementation of present embodiments. Alternativeimplementations are included within the scope of the example embodimentsof the present disclosure in which functions may be executed out oforder from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrentor in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as wouldbe understood by those reasonably skilled in the art.

FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an example method 800 of constructing ahydrogen storage tank. At block 802, the method 800 includes integratinga mycelium structure, such as mycelium structure 300, into a pressurevessel, such as pressure vessel 400. The mycelium structure 300 may beintegrated into the pressure vessel 400 manually or by a machine. Themethod 800 may also be used with other embodiments, such as withpressure vessels 500 and 600. At block 804, the method 800 includessealing the pressure vessel 400. The pressure vessel 400 may be sealedmanually or by a machine. For example, the pressure vessel 400 may besealed with Teflon O rings between bolted flanges. In other embodiments,the chamber walls 410 may comprise external threads (not shown) and thetop portion 414 of the pressure vessel 400 may comprise internal threads(not shown). The pressure vessel 400 may be sealed by engaging thethreads of the chamber walls 410 and the top portion 414 (i.e., bywinding or screwing the top portion 414 onto the chamber walls 410). Inother embodiments, the pressure vessel 400 may be a unitary pressurevessel (i.e., formed from a single composite part) and may be sealed byclosing the inlet 408. At block 806, the method 800 includes filling thepressure vessel with a plurality of hydrogen atoms. The pressure vessel400 may be filled manually or by a machine. The pressure vessel 400 maybe filled with hydrogen by connecting the pressure vessel 400 to areservoir of hydrogen and pumping hydrogen into the pressure vessel 400.The amount of hydrogen to be pumped into the pressure vessel can bedetermined by comparing the pressures of equal volume vessels with andwithout a mycelium structure, as discussed in connection with FIG. 11below. The difference between the pressures in the vessels is used inorder to calculate the amount of hydrogen that will fit in the pressurevessel including the mycelium structure. In some embodiments, chamberwalls 410 may be positioned on the bottom portion 412 of the pressurevessel 400 and the chamber walls 410 may be connected to the bottomportion 412 by engaging threads of chamber walls 410 with threads ofbottom portion 412. The mycelium structure 300 may then be integratedinto the vessel portion. Next, the pressure vessel 400 may be sealed bypositioning top portion 414 on top of the chamber walls 410 and sealingwith Teflon O rings between bolted flanges or engaging the threads ofthe chamber walls 410 and the top portion 414.

FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of an example method for use with the method800, according to an example embodiment. At block 808, the methodincludes compressing the mycelium structure 300 prior to integrating themycelium structure 300 into the pressure vessel 400. The myceliumstructure 300 may be compressed manually or by a machine. The myceliumstructure 300 may then expand after being integrated into the pressurevessel 400 in order to fill the chamber 404.

In some embodiments, the mycelium structure 300 is a pre-manufacturedmycelium structure such as mycelium sheet 200 in FIG. 2 and suchstructure is integrated into the pressure vessel. The pre-manufacturedmycelium structure may be trimmed or otherwise reshaped to conform themycelium structure to a shape of the at least one container. In someembodiments, a plurality of mycelium sheets 200 may be used to fill thecontainer. The pre-manufactured mycelium structure is dead, thus it doesnot grow within the pressure vessel.

In other embodiments, the step of integrating the mycelium structureinto the pressure vessel comprises causing growth of the myceliumstructure within the pressure vessel. Mycelium can be grown in thepressure vessel by placing mycelium spores, a nutrient source such aslight corn syrup, honey, corn sugar, light malt extract, and/ordextrose, and water within the pressure vessel. Once the myceliumstructure reaches a desired size, growth is stopped by heating to aboveabout 125 degrees Fahrenheit (dependent on the strain of mycelium).

FIG. 11 shows an example testing apparatus 900 for comparing adsorptionrates within two tanks. The testing apparatus 900 may comprise amonolithic block with two parallel circuits—a first circuit 902 and asecond circuit 904. The first circuit 902 may comprise a first tank 906without a mycelium structure, a second tank 908, a plurality of vessels910, 912, and 914, and vacuum point 915. The second circuit 904 maycomprise a first tank 916 including a mycelium structure, such asmycelium structure 300, a second tank 918, a plurality of vessels 920,922, and 924, and a gas inlet point 925. The volumes of first tank 906without the mycelium structure and the first tank 916 with the myceliumstructure are the same. The temperatures within the first circuit 902and the second circuit 904 are also the same. In order to use thetesting apparatus 900, the contents of the vessels 910, 912, 914, 920,922, and 924 are evacuated through the vacuum point 915. Next, the tanksand vessels within the first circuit 902 and the second circuit 904 arefilled through gas inlet point 925 with a predetermined amount ofhydrogen. Valves such as solenoid valves may be used for the vacuumpoint 915 and the gas inlet point 925 to prevent leakage of hydrogenfrom the circuits 902 and 904. The circuits 902 and 904 are allowed tostabilize and the pressures within the first tank 906 and the first tank916 are measured and compared with a differential pressure gauge 926.The pressure differential between the tanks 906 and 916 is used todetermine the amount of hydrogen in each tank 906 and 916. The amount ofhydrogen in each tank is inversely related to the pressure in each tank.Because the pressure in the first tank 916 containing the myceliumstructure is less than the pressure in the first tank 906, the amount ofhydrogen absorbed in the first tank 916 is greater than the amount ofabsorbed hydrogen in the first tank 906. This increase in the amount ofhydrogen absorbed is due to the presence of the mycelium structure withits large surface area providing attachment points for the hydrogenatoms and the bonding of the hydrogen atoms to the carbon atoms in themycelium structure. The apparatus 900 can be used to determine themaximum amount of hydrogen that can be filled into a storage tank.

The description of the different advantageous arrangements has beenpresented for purposes of illustration and description, and is notintended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments in the formdisclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art. Further, different advantageousembodiments may describe different advantages as compared to otheradvantageous embodiments. The embodiment or embodiments selected arechosen and described in order to explain the principles of theembodiments, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinaryskill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodimentswith various modifications as are suited to the particular usecontemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A pressure vessel for storing hydrogen,comprising: at least one chamber to store hydrogen atoms, wherein atleast one chamber stores the hydrogen atoms at a pressure of less thanabout 300 psi; and a mycelium structure within the at least one chamber,wherein the mycelium structure comprises a plurality of mycelium sheets,wherein the mycelium structure has a surface area of at least 800 m²/m³,and at least some of the hydrogen atoms stored in the at least onechamber are attached to the mycelium structure at a pressure greaterthan ambient pressure.
 2. The pressure vessel of claim 1, wherein thepressure vessel comprises a plurality of chambers, and wherein each ofthe plurality of chambers comprises the mycelium structure.
 3. Thepressure vessel of claim 1, wherein the pressure vessel comprises aninlet for filling the pressure vessel with hydrogen and an outlet forremoving hydrogen from the pressure vessel.
 4. The pressure vessel ofclaim 3, wherein the inlet and the outlet are the same element.
 5. Thepressure vessel of claim 3, wherein at least one of the inlet or theoutlet comprise an inhibitor for confining the mycelium structure withinthe pressure vessel and allowing for passage of the hydrogen atoms. 6.The pressure vessel of claim 1, wherein the mycelium structure iscompressed within the pressure vessel.
 7. The pressure vessel of claim1, wherein at least a portion of the pressure vessel is metalized. 8.The pressure vessel of claim 1, wherein the mycelium structure comprisesa plurality of pathways.
 9. The pressure vessel of claim 1, wherein themycelium structure is compressed within the pressure vessel so that adensity of the mycelium structure is increased by a factor of
 10. 10. Amethod of storing hydrogen, comprising: compressing a myceliumstructure; positioning the compressed mycelium structure into a pressurevessel comprising at least one chamber; and filling the pressure vesselwith a plurality of hydrogen atoms, wherein at least one of theplurality of hydrogen atoms form an attachment with the myceliumstructure.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising pressurizingthe pressure vessel to a pressure of less than about 300 psi.
 12. Themethod of claim 10, wherein positioning the compressed myceliumstructure into the pressure vessel comprises positioning the compressedmycelium structure having a surface area of at least 800 m²/m³.
 13. Themethod of claim 10, further comprising incorporating the pressure vesselinto a vehicle for transportation.
 14. The method of claim 10, whereinpositioning the compressed mycelium structure into the pressure vesselcomprises positioning a plurality of mycelium sheets into the pressurevessel.
 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the pressure vesselcomprises a plurality of chambers, and wherein positioning thecompressed mycelium structure into the pressure vessel comprising the atleast one chamber comprises positioning the compressed myceliumstructure into each of the plurality of chambers.
 16. The method ofclaim 10, further comprising: after positioning the compressed myceliumstructure into the pressure vessel, the compressed mycelium structureexpanding to fill the at least one chamber.
 17. The method of claim 10,wherein the pressure vessel comprises an inlet for filling the pressurevessel with hydrogen and an outlet for removing hydrogen from thepressure vessel, wherein the inlet and the outlet are the same element,and wherein filling the pressure vessel with the plurality of hydrogenatoms comprises filling the pressure vessel with the plurality ofhydrogen atoms via the inlet.
 18. The method of claim 10, whereincompressing the mycelium structure comprises compressing the myceliumstructure so that a density of the mycelium structure is increased by afactor of
 10. 19. The method of claim 10, wherein the mycelium structurecomprises a plurality of pathways.
 20. A pressure vessel for storinghydrogen, comprising: at least one chamber to store hydrogen atoms,wherein at least one chamber stores the hydrogen atoms at a pressure ofless than about 300 psi; and a mycelium structure within the at leastone chamber, wherein the mycelium structure is compressed within thepressure vessel so that a density of the mycelium structure is increasedby a factor of 10, wherein the mycelium structure has a surface area ofat least 800 m²/m³, and at least some of the hydrogen atoms stored inthe at least one chamber are attached to the mycelium structure at apressure greater than ambient pressure.